Probability — Independent events

About this lesson

This unit introduces the concepts of independent and dependent events in probability. It begins by presenting examples that illustrate the difference between events that do not affect each other (like tossing a coin and rolling a die) and events that do (like drawing a ball without replacement). The unit then formally defines independent events using the multiplication rule P(A∩B)=P(A)×P(B) and dependent events as those that do not satisfy this rule. It includes worked examples involving coins, dice, insurance, shooting, and drawing balls with and without replacement, as well as exercises for practice. By the end of the unit, a student should be able to identify whether given events are independent or dependent, calculate probabilities of combined events using the appropriate rules, and apply these concepts to real-life situations.